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See also: An article in market oracle also discussed using fundamentalist Islam against secular leaders perceied to be leftists: "The best selling author of the 1989 work 'The Game Player: The Confessions of the CIA's Original Political Operative', Mike Copeland (died in 1991), operated in private life at the CIA-cover firm Booz Allen Hamilton. According to him, he remained the senior resident cover operative for CIA action in Egypt for over 25 years. In 1953 he met Nasser for the first time, to offer US. economic development and military assistance at a time when the US “had to face and define its policy” in all three root sectors of perceived American interest in the region. These were the communist threat, the birth and survival of Israel, and the supply of petroleum. Islamism or Arab street rage did not figure. Claims are made that it was Copeland who advised that the US must back Egypt's control of the Suez Canal, thwart the UK-French-Israeli canal zone takeover, and act to ending British control of the region's oil resources. He though this action would bind Nasser to the US, by placing the US behind Egypt's legitimate national interests and entrain similar approval from other Arab regimes. Copeland freely says that he was personally impressed by Nasser's fervent pan-Arab nationalist stance, and understood why he rebuffed American appeals to join the anti-Soviet military intelligence pact that CIA director Allen Dulles was polishing up. Dulles was quoted as snarling to Copeland: “If that colonel Nasser of yours pushes us too far, we will break him in half”. Dulles frequently browbeat Copeland, the CIA’s man-on-the-spot in Cairo. Copeland explains, and criticizes the CIA for its expedient “mission oriented” house style. Dulles pondered ways to knock the pesky Nasser off his pedestal. So this mission was cranked up and firstly resulted in multiple assassination plots, even a plot to lace Nasser's drinks with LSD to make him talk nonsense in public. After that, Copeland concluded the fallback strategy was – religion. American spies opted for pushing “the opiate of the people,” as Karl Marx described religion. Copeland was off and running. He visited Egyptian mosques in search of charismatic imams who could sway the Arab masses in a manner congenial to U.S.. interests. The key term thrown around in CIA briefings at the time was: “Find an Islamic Billy Graham”. Inevitably, Copeland made many visits to Muslim Brotherhood cells and mosques. His analysis was that the Brotherhood, by virtue of its antipathy to Arab nationalism and to Communism, might be the viable counterweight to Nasser. In the years ahead and across the region, US intelligence became a de facto partner of the Brotherhood as it evolved from a mass-based, social organization into a clandestine political entity dedicated to overthrowing the “bourgeois and secular” state. When Egyptian army officers led by Colonel Nasser toppled the pro-British monarch Farouk, the Muslim Brotherhood gave them full support. But the Brothers fell out with Nasser when it became apparent that he was a “secularist” who did not intend establishing an Islamic state. Nasser soon cracked down hard on them, in major part because it was and still is the largest organized popular grass-roots force in the country – and for Nasser the last obstacle to his autocratic leadership style, which had nothing at all to do with democracy. Nasser’s aim was to only banish religious expression from the public stage whenever it was not fully government controlled. Nasser outlawed the Muslim Brotherhood, jailed thousands of its members, and killed dozens of its leaders. Some fled the country to escape successive waves of brutal repression aimed at smashing their organization. By an extreme irony, recounted by Copeland, Saudi Arabia became the magnet for persecuted Islamist refugees from Egypt (as well as Syria, Iraq, Libya, and other Arab states) and Brotherhood expatriates were welcomed with open arms by the oil-rich Saudi monarchy. .. Fully known to the CIA from its start, exiled Ikhwani (Brotherhood) cadres were employed as teachers and imams in Saudi mosques, schools and government agencies, where they promoted the extremist doctrine of Sayyid Qutb, then the Brotherhood’s leading Salafist theorist. Executed in 1966 after ten years of confinement in Egyptian torture chambers, Qutb is arguably the most influential political religious scholar in modern Islam. Following the 1952 coup which brought him to power with General Naguib, Nasser is said to have frequently visited Qutb's house to ask him for ideas about the Arab Revolution. From strands including Salafism and Wahabism, Qutb fashioned the lethal variant of political Islam, now the Al Qaeda doctrine, that provides so-called Koranic justification for violence as the sole way to rid the Muslim world of corrupting Western influences. As described by the analyst Martin A. Lee, Qutb’s incendiary writings decisively influenced a generation of Islamic militants, including Osama bin Laden, the scion of a wealthy Saudi family, who had been first exposed to Qutb’s prose while attending King Abdul Aziz University in Jeddah. One of bin Laden’s instructors was Professor Mohamed Qutb, the brother of Sayyid Qutb, exiled to Saudi Arabia, who taught classes on the imperative need for Islamic jihad. After Nasser died in 1970, the Muslim Brotherhood, increasingly distrusted by the Saudi royal family but buoyed by Saudi petrodollars, resurfaced in Egypt – where it was wooed by President Anwar Sadat, Nasser’s successor, who freed Islamic activists from jail, lifted many restrictions on the Brotherhood, and used them in his power struggle against the Nasserite diehards and student groups that disapproved of Sadat’s decision to make amends with the United States. His courtship of the Brotherhood was in no way hindered by the CIA, according to Copeland, and under its very nose the formerly-banned but now tolerated Muslim Brotherhood was transformed in its home country. By inadvertence more than design, the CIA was in the process of spawning, or covering the emergence of a loose-knit but powerful Islamist movement, dedicated to violence, that would soon operate in 43 countries. Egypt's Muslim Brotherhood's transformation was a key stage in the process which very surely and certainly is still playing out, today, firstly in Syria. http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/ Article42271.html The CIA Said 'Find An Islamic Billy Graham' http://www.motherjones.com/pol itics/2006/01/americas-devils- game-extremist-islam/ America’s Devil’s Game with Extremist Islam A Timeline of US-Cold War Politics and the Rise of Militant Islamism " Saudi Arabia has not always seen the Muslim Brotherhood as a regional threat. In fact, the relationship between the two has oscillated between harmony and tension since the historic meeting between late King Abdulaziz Al Saud and the founder of the movement, Hassan al-Banna in 1936. " http://www.aljazeera.com/news/ 2017/06/saudi-brotherhood-frie nds-foes-170623093039202.html Saudi and the Brotherhood: From friends to foes "The relationship between Saudi Arabia and the Muslim Brotherhood can be represented by a zigzag line, crossed by several intersections, over the past eight decades. The two entities are almost of the same age, and they have positive shared memories from earlier on, the most distinguished of which was when the movement added the two intersecting swords on a green background to its logo. Founder Imam Hassan Al-Banna made this smart and courageous move in 1932 when he welcomed and blessed the proclamation of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia." https://www.middleeastmonitor. com/20150723-saudi-arabia-and- the-muslim-brotherhood-a-relat ionship-to-be-restored/ Saudi Arabia and the Muslim Brotherhood: a relationship to be restored On Wednesday, October 25, 2017, 8:01:23 PM EDT, Mayraj Fahim wrote: I agree with Siraj, very little in common between Iran and Saudi Arabia. Saudi Arabia has also been ruining pluralistic Islam in Malaysia and Indonesia! In my view they want to religiously colonize Sunni Muslim countries. Oil gave them the funds to do so. Please note nationalization of oil also took place in 1970s. The Saudis are poisonous. I am quite sure they will fade once their oil earnings fade. They are incapable of diversifying as Govt has to employ most of the ill educated nationals. The same country that supports USD with petrodollar inculcates intolerance its children: https://www.hrw.org/news/2017/ 09/13/saudi-arabia-religion-te xtbooks-promote-intolerance Saudi Arabia: Religion Textbooks Promote Intolerance Do check out what this French woman converted to Salafism who got out of it says! https://nytlive.nytimes.com/wo menintheworld/2017/08/10/woman -opens-up-about-her-resurrecti on-after-years-spent-as-one- of-the-living-dead/ Woman opens up about her resurrection after years spent as ‘one of the living dead’ On Thursday, March 29, 2018, 11:23:30 AM EDT, Dr Hiren Gohain hiren.gohain@gmail.com [arkitectindia] wrote: Though now coming out of the horse's mouth this has been an open secret since the early nineties.Many had documented it and commented on it at length. Looking back it seems that for all its mistakes the Soviet Union had been the staunchest friend of common Muslim masses. Western powers cultivated reactionary rulers.And promoted policies of little help to the masses. At one time in India,I remember,the Soviet Union was very popular and held in high regard by most of the literate Muslims in India. Hiren Gohain. On Thu, 29 Mar 2018 19:15 Razi Raziuddin razi24@hotmail.com [arkitectindia], wrote: https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/western-countries-asked-us-to-spread-wahabism-to-counter-soviets-during-cold-war/310157 Western Countries Asked Us To Spread Wahabism To Counter Soviets During Cold War, Says Saudi Crown Prince Outlook Web Bureau Western Countries Asked Us To Spread Wahabism To Counter Soviets During Cold War, Says Saudi Crown Prince File Photo Mail Print Share Share A A A increase text size It was the Western countries that asked Saudi Arabia to accelerate the spread of Wahabism, the virulent form of Islam accused of being the fountainhead of global terrorism, across the world to counter the Soviet Union during the Cold War, Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman told the Washington Post in an interview. Mohammed told the paper that Saudi's Western allies urged the country to bankroll the construction of mosques and madrassas in overseas to stop spread of Communism. Advertisement opens in new window “Investments in mosques and madrassas overseas were rooted in the Cold War, when allies asked Saudi Arabia to use its resources to prevent inroads in Muslim countries by the Soviet Union,” he told the paper in the interview that was initially off the record. According to WaPo, the meeting, conducted in English, was held off the record. Later the Saudi Embassy allowed to use portions for the article. “Funding now comes largely from Saudi-based “foundations,” he said, rather than from the government. Advertisement opens in new window India has been at the receiving end of Wahabism, which is considered as the most stringent and often the virulent form of Islam giving rise to religious fundamentalism inside its terrority and neigbouring Pakistan. At the peak of Cold War, which coincided with the 1971 India-Pakistan war resulting in the liberation of Bangladesh, Saudi Arabia gave a loan of $20 million to Pakistan. “Pakistan’s President Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, who took over after the surrender of his country’s armed forces, went on a ‘journey of ­res­istance’ to Muslim countries seeking money to build an ‘Islamic bomb’. The Saudis responded handsomely and later in 1974 Bhutto hosted the second ­summit of the OIC (Organisation of Islamic Cooperation). The Wah­hab­isation of Pakistan would begin soon afterwards during the rule of Zia ul-Haq. The Saudis now concentrated their ­attention on the education system by funding madrasas and universities”. Advertisement opens in new window Western countries, particularly the colonial Britian, is guilty of pushing Pakistan towards Wahabism of Saudi-funded Deobandi madrasas that reduced the hold of Sufi Islam in south Punjab. Ayesha Siddiqa in her essay ‘Pakistani Madrasas’ points out that “Saudi-Pakistan relations go back to the 1950s when, prodded by Britain, Pakistan drew closer to Saudi Arabia. However, religion did not play an important role then. Jinnah was seen in Saudi Arabia as an “English-speaking orientalist” with his Parsee wife. It was geopolitical interest, specifically the need to counter Soviet influence and Nasser’s pan-­Arabism, that prompted Saudi Arabia to grow closer to Pakistan. “The 1960s saw the start of large-scale Pakistani migration to the Gulf. Saudi-funded Deobandi madrasas reduced the hold of Sufi Islam in south Punjab. The Pakistan government does not have reliable statistics on the number of madrasas in the country; different agencies give different figures. Nor is there good information on the flow of money from Saudi Arabia. Advertisement opens in new window However, the wake-up call came in the form of 9/11 attacks in the US that compelled the world to take note of the harm that the madrasas could do by encouraging ext­remism and violence. Antonio Guistozzi, a Visiting Professor in the Department of War Studies in London School of Economics specialising in Afghanistan, in a piece for the book “The Islamic Connection: South Asia And The Gulf: “demonstrates that the Taliban’s emirate did get money from Saudi Arabia and Qatar in 2003-04. It was Pakistan that persuaded the Gulf states to make these donations. The funds were initially routed through Pakistan, but later the two monarchies started giving money directly to the Taliban. READ MORE IN: Outlook Web Bureau Benazir Bhutto Delhi - New Delhi Terrorism Minority & Religious International Reportage Comments (3) Wahabism though widely regarded as a religious movement in Islam, actually it has no relation with Islam. It was purely a movement by Abdul Wahab, a fundamental character. The movement was supported by a Abdul Ajij who accumulated wealth in Arabia. The movement started in support of British government. MAR 29, 2018 04:19 PM MOHAMMAD IBRAHIM, , Like (0) Dislike (1) Report Abuse One thing more. It is a highly sensational report. However, it is difficult to believe the Arab world is very innocent. It readily plays into the hands of Western powers. Does it ever realise that they are the people who are suffering most in the whole world whether it is Iraq, Syria, Tasmania, Lebanon and Egypt? Sorry, it is difficult to adjust to their stands. MAR 29, 2018 12:46 PM SUMIR SHARMA, , Like (4) Dislike (1) Report Abuse Wahabism is shown as a religious movement since the days of the later Mughal period in India. It was shown as promoting radical Islamic culture all through this period. Some of the Indian scholars and even the universities had been projecting it as a natural phenomenon. However, this report is giving an extremely different narrative. Was it is International Scandal all these years? The report had given totally a different dimension to all the records till this day. It has virtually raised a new question of Cultural Engineering by the Western world since the days Enlightened period. The British strategies to rule the world has been brought into a fresh scanner. Will the UK consider it a ploy against their credibility? However, since the days of Nadir Shah, Indian and now freshly created Pakistanis (remember they were the creation of British legislators) suffered all this period. There is a need that the existentialist and materialistic approaches which dominate every sphere of life must learn to take a wider vision approach to the problem Indian sub-continent. At least, the Indian Foreign relation must develop a fresh policy towards the problem of religion based divide and international interference.